标题: SQL语法大全简明一览(phpwind数据库操作记录) [打印本页] 作者: superadmin 时间: 2007-9-25 22:06 标题: SQL语法大全简明一览(phpwind数据库操作记录) --语 句 功 能
--数据操作
SELECT --从数据库表中检索数据行和列
INSERT --向数据库表添加新数据行
DELETE --从数据库表中删除数据行
UPDATE --更新数据库表中的数据
--数据定义
CREATE TABLE --创建一个数据库表
DROP TABLE --从数据库中删除表
ALTER TABLE --修改数据库表结构
CREATE VIEW --创建一个视图
DROP VIEW --从数据库中删除视图
CREATE INDEX --为数据库表创建一个索引
DROP INDEX --从数据库中删除索引
CREATE PROCEDURE --创建一个存储过程
DROP PROCEDURE --从数据库中删除存储过程
CREATE TRIGGER --创建一个触发器
DROP TRIGGER --从数据库中删除触发器
CREATE SCHEMA --向数据库添加一个新模式
DROP SCHEMA --从数据库中删除一个模式
CREATE DOMAIN --创建一个数据值域
ALTER DOMAIN --改变域定义
DROP DOMAIN --从数据库中删除一个域
--数据控制
GRANT --授予用户访问权限
DENY --拒绝用户访问
REVOKE --解除用户访问权限
--事务控制
COMMIT --结束当前事务
ROLLBACK --中止当前事务
SET TRANSACTION --定义当前事务数据访问特征
--程序化SQL
DECLARE --为查询设定游标
EXPLAN --为查询描述数据访问计划
OPEN --检索查询结果打开一个游标
FETCH --检索一行查询结果
CLOSE --关闭游标
PREPARE --为动态执行准备SQL 语句
EXECUTE --动态地执行SQL 语句
DESCRIBE --描述准备好的查询
---局部变量
declare @id char(10)
--set @id = '10010001'
select @id = '10010001'
---全局变量
---必须以@@开头
--IF ELSE
declare @x int @y int @z int
select @x = 1 @y = 2 @z=3
if @x > @y
print 'x > y' --打印字符串'x > y'
else if @y > @z
print 'y > z'
else print 'z > y'
--CASE
use pangu
update employee
set e_wage =
case
when job_level = ’1’ then e_wage*1.08
when job_level = ’2’ then e_wage*1.07
when job_level = ’3’ then e_wage*1.06
else e_wage*1.05
end
--WHILE CONTINUE BREAK
declare @x int @y int @c int
select @x = 1 @y=1
while @x < 3
begin
print @x --打印变量x 的值
while @y < 3
begin
select @c = 100*@x + @y
print @c --打印变量c 的值
select @y = @y + 1
end
select @x = @x + 1
select @y = 1
end
--WAITFOR
--例 等待1 小时2 分零3 秒后才执行SELECT 语句
waitfor delay ’01:02:03’
select * from employee
--例 等到晚上11 点零8 分后才执行SELECT 语句
waitfor time ’23:08:00’
select * from employee
***SELECT***
select *(列名) from table_name(表名) where column_name operator value
ex:(宿主)
select * from stock_information where stockid = str(nid)
stockname = 'str_name'
stockname like '% find this %'
stockname like '[a-zA-Z]%' --------- ([]指定值的范围)
stockname like '[^F-M]%' --------- (^排除指定范围)
--------- 只能在使用like关键字的where子句中使用通配符)
or stockpath = 'stock_path'
or stocknumber < 1000
and stockindex = 24
not stock*** = 'man'
stocknumber between 20 and 100
stocknumber in(10,20,30)
order by stockid desc(asc) --------- 排序，desc-降序，asc-升序
order by 1,2 --------- by列号
stockname = (select stockname from stock_information where stockid = 4)
--------- 子查询
--------- 除非能确保内层select只返回一个行的值，
--------- 否则应在外层where子句中用一个in限定符
select distinct column_name form table_name --------- distinct指定检索独有的列值，不重复
select stocknumber ,"stocknumber + 10" = stocknumber + 10 from table_name
select stockname , "stocknumber" = count(*) from table_name group by stockname
--------- group by 将表按行分组,指定列中有相同的值
having count(*) = 2 --------- having选定指定的组
select *
from table1, table2
where table1.id *= table2.id -------- 左外部连接，table1中有的而table2中没有得以null表示
table1.id =* table2.id -------- 右外部连接
select stockname from table1
union [all] ----- union合并查询结果集，all-保留重复行
select stockname from table2
***insert***
insert into table_name (Stock_name,Stock_number) value ("xxx","xxxx")
value (select Stockname , Stocknumber from Stock_table2)---value为select语句
action add aggregate all
alter after and as
asc avg avg_row_length auto_increment
between bigint bit binary
blob bool both by
cascade case char character
change check checksum column
columns comment constraint create
cross current_date current_time current_timestamp
data database databases date
datetime day day_hour day_minute
day_second dayofmonth dayofweek dayofyear
dec decimal default delayed
delay_key_write delete desc describe
distinct distinctrow double drop
end else escape escaped
enclosed enum explain exists
fields file first float
float4 float8 flush foreign
from for full function
global grant grants group
having heap high_priority hour
hour_minute hour_second hosts identified
ignore in index infile
inner insert insert_id int
integer interval int1 int2
int3 int4 int8 into
if is isam join
key keys kill last_insert_id
leading left length like
lines limit load local
lock logs long longblob
longtext low_priority max max_rows
match mediumblob mediumtext mediumint
middleint min_rows minute minute_second
modify month monthname myisam
natural numeric no not
null on optimize option
optionally or order outer
outfile pack_keys partial password
precision primary procedure process
processlist privileges read real
references reload regexp rename
replace restrict returns revoke
rlike row rows second
select set show shutdown
smallint soname sql_big_tables sql_big_selects
sql_low_priority_updates sql_log_off sql_log_update sql_select_limit
sql_small_result sql_big_result sql_warnings straight_join
starting status string table
tables temporary terminated text
then time timestamp tinyblob
tinytext tinyint trailing to
type use using unique
unlock unsigned update usage
values varchar variables varying
varbinary with write when
where year year_month zerofill作者: superadmin 时间: 2007-9-25 22:08
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